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NVIDIA H100 (Hopper): The Complete Guide

The chip that trained the generative-AI boom. The first GPU NVIDIA called a confidential-computing device. Simple to expert, every number links to its source.

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NVIDIA H100 10 sections · 2 levels 8 linked sources Checked September 2026
How to read this page. Each section starts Simple, then goes to a Deep dive: stop wherever you have what you need. The small numbers are sources: click one to open the original document. Where the maker has not published a figure -- a price, a die size, a factory address -- this page says so rather than estimate it.

1.At a glance

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The H100 is the NVIDIA chip most associated with the generative-AI boom that followed ChatGPT. Announced 22 March 2022 at GTC 1, NVIDIA declared it “in full production” on 20 September 2022, shipping from October 2022 2.

Deep diveThe technical detail

Codename GH100, architecture Hopper. Ships as SXM5 (80GB HBM3) and PCIe (80GB HBM2e) variants, plus the dual-GPU H100 NVL PCIe card 34. By SC22 (14 November 2022), NVIDIA announced worldwide partner rollout: 50+ server models by end-2022, more in H1 2023 5.

2.Launch and history

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H100 launched as the successor to A100 at a moment when demand for AI training hardware was about to explode with the release of ChatGPT eight months later. NVIDIA’s own materials frame it around one new capability above all others: the Transformer Engine, built for exactly the kind of model that would define the following two years.

Deep diveThe technical detail

NVIDIA announced Hopper at GTC on 22 March 2022 alongside DGX H100 16. Full production was declared 20 September 2022, with shipping starting the following month 2. By SC22 in November 2022, over 50 server models from OEM partners were promised by year-end 5. H100 went on to become the primary chip used to train the large language models released through 2023–2024.

3.What’s inside it

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H100’s headline feature is the Transformer Engine, which automatically switches between 8-bit and 16-bit number formats to speed up exactly the kind of neural network (a “transformer”) that powers ChatGPT and similar systems. NVIDIA also built H100 as the first GPU it calls a native confidential-computing device.

Deep diveThe technical detail

Three claims from NVIDIA’s own architecture blog 3:

  • Transformer Engine — “intelligently manages and dynamically chooses between FP8 and 16-bit calculations,” delivering “up to 9x faster AI training and up to 30x faster AI inference speedups on large language models.”
  • FP8 number formats (E4M3/E5M2) — “halving data storage requirements and doubling throughput compared to FP16 or BF16.”
  • Confidential Computing — NVIDIA states “H100 implements the world’s first native Confidential Computing GPU,” with hardware isolation supported down to individual MIG-instance granularity.

4.Full spec table

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16,896 CUDA cores (SXM5 variant), 80GB of high-bandwidth memory, and NVLink connecting up to 8 chips at 900 GB/s 3.

Deep diveThe technical detail
SpecH100 SXM5H100 PCIe
Process nodeTSMC 4N (custom) 3
Transistors80 billion 3
Die size814 mm² 3
CUDA cores16,896 (132 SMs)14,592 (114 SMs)
MemoryHBM3, 80GBHBM2e, 80GB
Memory bandwidth3.35 TB/s 72 TB/s 7
TDPUp to 700 W (configurable) 7300–350 W (configurable) 7
FP64 / FP64 Tensor34 / 67 TFLOPS26 / 51 TFLOPS
TF32 Tensor (sparse)989 TFLOPS756 TFLOPS
BF16/FP16 Tensor (sparse)1,979 TFLOPS1,513 TFLOPS
FP8 Tensor (sparse)3,958 TFLOPS3,026 TFLOPS
INT8 Tensor (sparse)3,958 TOPS3,026 TOPS
NVLink4th gen, 18 links, 900 GB/s total3 bridges, 600 GB/s bidirectional (2-GPU)
Form factorSXM5PCIe Gen5 (also dual-GPU H100 NVL variant)

Figures per NVIDIA’s own H100 Tensor Core GPU datasheet 7, which supersedes the rounded, pre-launch figures NVIDIA gave in its original architecture announcement. Sparse figures are with structural sparsity; NVIDIA’s dense figures are roughly half of each sparse number.

5.Where it’s made

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H100 is made by TSMC, on a custom 4-nanometer-class process NVIDIA calls 4N 3. NVIDIA does not operate its own chip factories.

Deep diveThe technical detail

NVIDIA’s own Hopper architecture material names TSMC and the custom 4N process 3. Neither NVIDIA nor TSMC publishes which individual TSMC fab site produces H100 wafers.

6.Which systems use it

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NVIDIA’s own system is DGX H100: 8 chips connected by NVLink, rated at 32 petaflops of FP8 AI performance 6. Amazon’s EC2 P5 instances offer up to 8 H100s per instance with 640GB of total HBM3 memory 8.

Deep diveThe technical detail

DGX H100 combines 8× H100 chips for 32 petaflops of FP8 AI performance 6. AWS EC2 P5 instances provide up to 8× H100 per instance, 640GB total HBM3 and 900 GB/s NVSwitch bandwidth 8. OEM partners named by NVIDIA for H100 systems include Dell, HPE, Lenovo, Supermicro, Cisco, Atos, Fujitsu and GIGABYTE 5. NVIDIA also named the Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre, TACC and the University of Tsukuba as adopters 2.

7.Official pricing

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NVIDIA has not published a standalone H100 unit price, and DGX H100 pricing was not disclosed in the March 2022 announcement 6. Cloud providers publish their own hourly rates on their own pricing pages, which this page does not reproduce because they change over time.

Deep diveThe technical detail

NVIDIA’s DGX H100 release 6 does not state a price. AWS (P5), Microsoft Azure (ND H100 v5) and Google Cloud (A3) each publish official on-demand hourly rates for H100 instances on their own pricing pages; those rates change frequently enough that this page links to AWS’s own instance page 8 rather than quoting a figure that would go stale.

8.Real-world performance

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NVIDIA’s own figures claim up to “9x faster AI training and up to 30x faster AI inference” versus the prior generation on large language models, via the Transformer Engine 3 — a company-stated comparison, not an independent benchmark.

Deep diveThe technical detail

This page reports NVIDIA’s own specification and architecture-blog performance claims 3; it does not independently re-run or cite third-party benchmark suite results such as MLPerf for H100.

9.What came before, what came next

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Came before: A100 (Ampere). Came after: H200, a memory upgrade on the same die, announced November 2023; then B200 (Blackwell architecture), announced March 2024.

Deep diveThe technical detail

H100 succeeded A100 (Ampere). NVIDIA’s next Hopper-family announcement was H200 — “NVIDIA Supercharges Hopper, the World’s Leading AI Computing Platform”, November 2023 — which reuses the same GH100 die with upgraded HBM3e memory rather than changing the compute architecture. The next full architectural generation is Blackwell (B200), announced at GTC in March 2024.

10.Hidden in plain sight

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NVIDIA’s flagship AI-training chip doubles as a security appliance. H100 is officially “the world’s first native Confidential Computing GPU” 3, meaning a cloud tenant’s model weights can be hardware-isolated from the cloud provider running the machine underneath them.

Deep diveThe technical detail

NVIDIA’s own Hopper architecture blog states H100 “implements the world’s first native Confidential Computing GPU,” with trusted-execution-environment support down to individual MIG-instance granularity 3. This is a hardware capability, not a software add-on — and it shipped on the same chip that most people only ever hear about in the context of AI training compute.

11.Sources

8 sources, checked September 2026. Where NVIDIA or another maker has not published a figure, this page says so rather than estimate it.

  1. NVIDIA Newsroom: NVIDIA Announces Hopper Architecture, the Next Generation of Accelerated ComputingOfficial
  2. NVIDIA Newsroom: NVIDIA Hopper in Full ProductionOfficial
  3. NVIDIA Developer Blog: NVIDIA Hopper Architecture In-DepthOfficial
  4. NVIDIA: H100 PCIe GPU Product Brief (PB-11133-001_v01)Official
  5. NVIDIA Newsroom: NVIDIA H100 and Quantum-2 Systems Announced WorldwideOfficial
  6. NVIDIA Newsroom: NVIDIA Announces DGX H100 Systems — World’s Most Advanced Enterprise AI InfrastructureOfficial
  7. NVIDIA: NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPU DatasheetOfficial
  8. Amazon Web Services: Amazon EC2 P5 InstancesOfficial