AI Atlas · Memory

Memory: DRAM, NAND and HBM, maker by maker

Who actually makes the world’s memory, what they make, where the fabs are, and what each company publishes about it — against what it does not. Every number links to the company’s own document.

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4 of 23 guides written Official sources only Checked September 2026
What this section is. Three companies make most of the world’s DRAM, and a handful more make most of its NAND. Everything else you can buy — a Kingston stick, a Crucial SSD — is built from chips bought from that short list. This section covers the chip makers first, then the module brands that package their output, using the same 16 sections for each so they can be read side by side.

The chip makers

Companies that run their own fabs and make the memory dies themselves. This is where DRAM, NAND and HBM actually come from.

Samsung
HBM4 in mass production and shipping for NVIDIA Vera Rubin; 9th-gen V-NAND; DDR5, LPDDR6, GDDR7
SK hynix
HBM4 in mass shipment since Q2 2026; 321-high 4D NAND; DDR5 on the 1c node
Micron
HBM4 in high-volume production for NVIDIA Vera Rubin; G9 NAND; 1-gamma DRAM on EUV
Kioxia
10th-generation BiCS FLASH, 332 layers; CM10 PCIe 6.0 enterprise SSDs; GP1 super-high-IOPS drives
SanDiskPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
YMTCPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
CXMTPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
NanyaPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
WinbondPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
EtronPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
PSMCPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.

The module and drive brands

Companies that buy dies from the makers above and build them into the sticks, cards and drives sold at retail. Some own their own assembly and test plants; none run a DRAM or NAND fab.

KingstonPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
CrucialPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
CorsairPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
G.SkillPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
TeamGroupPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
ADATAPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
PatriotPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
MushkinPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
LexarPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
PNYPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
TranscendPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.
Silicon PowerPlanned
Guide not written yet. This card is here so the list of makers is complete, not so it looks finished.

Related reading

Memory is where a lot of the AI hardware story is decided. These pages sit in our AI Chips section and cover the same ground from the chip side.

AI memory (HBM) and why it is scarce
What high-bandwidth memory is, why every AI accelerator needs it, and why supply is the bottleneck.
AI chips, brand by brand
The 11 companies designing AI accelerators, and a page for each of the 65 chips that have shipped.
How a chip is made: sand to server
The manufacturing path every memory die also follows, step by step.

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